Sterilization is a responsible step that affects the health and behavior of your pet.
Let's figure out when it is best to perform surgery, how to avoid complications, and what myths prevent you from making the right decision.
When to perform surgery
For dogs. Small breeds (Chihuahua, Toy Terrier): Optimal age is 6–8 months, before the first heat. Reduces the risk of mammary gland tumors by 90% (AVMA study, 2022).
Large breeds (Labrador, Shepherd): Neuter after 12-18 months. Early surgery (before one year) increases the risk of joint dysplasia by 25% (Veterinary Medicine Journal, 2021).
For female cats: Indoor cats: Spay or neuter at 4-6 months. According to WSAVA, this reduces the risk of mammary cancer by 3 times.
Street pets: early sterilization (at 3-4 months) helps control the population.
Consequences of sterilization
Sterilization has its advantages and some negative aspects. The advantages include the prevention of pyometra (purulent inflammation of the uterus occurs in 23% of unsterilized dogs). Cats after sterilization live 2-3 years longer due to a reduced risk of escapes and injuries.
In males, aggression and the risk of escape are reduced.
Among the disadvantages is the risk of obesity, since the metabolism slows down by 20-30%. Some breeds (boxers, rottweilers) have an increased risk of bone cancer.
Myths about sterilization
"A dog needs to give birth for health." Pregnancy does not prevent diseases, but increases the risk of mastitis and tumors.
"Sterilization causes obesity." Excess weight only occurs when overfeeding. Switch your pet to food for sterilized animals.
"Castration makes a dog cowardly." Character is influenced by upbringing, not hormones, and castrated dogs fight less often, but do not lose their guard qualities.
Alternatives to surgical sterilization
- Chemical castration. Injections (Suprolorin) temporarily suppress sexual instincts. Suitable for breeding dogs.
- Laparoscopy. Minimally invasive method. Risk of complications is 0.5% versus 3% with classical surgery.
- Ovariectomy. Removal of the ovaries without the uterus. Reduces the risk of hormonal imbalances.
Tips for owners
Before the operation, take a blood test for coagulation and biochemistry, and do not feed your pet for 12 hours before the procedure.
Post-operative care includes putting on a protective collar to prevent the pet from licking the stitches and treating the stitches with Chlorhexidine 2 times a day.
For the first 3 days, give wet food or pates, after a month, switch to food for sterilized animals.
Bottom Line: Neutering is a safe way to improve your pet's quality of life if done at the right age and with the proper veterinarian's advice.
Author: Irina Tint
